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由專筑網Yinglin，小R編譯
窗戶涂酸奶，環保又降溫：奇特的建筑創新
炎炎夏日，英國工程師 Tom Greenhill構思了一個建議低成本、低能耗的降溫方案——在窗戶外側涂抹酸奶，目的是在高溫期間使家居保持涼爽。
用滾筒涂抹，酸奶干得快，能形成類似磨砂玻璃的效果。Greenhill說，這種涂層應該能像其他節能窗涂層產品一樣反射光和熱。
Greenhill承認，這看起來可能是一個“完全古怪的想法”。但根據實驗，他還沒有看到這個策略的任何缺點。
British engineer Tom Greenhill is proposing painting the outside of windows with yoghurt as a low-cost, low-energy solution to keep UK homes cool during heatwaves.
Painted on with a roller, yoghurt dries quickly and creates a fritted glass-like effect that Greenhill says should reflect light and heat in much the same way as other energy-efficient window coating products.
Greenhill admits that this may seem like a "totally eccentric idea". But based on his own experiments, he is yet to see a downside to the strategy.
他說，酸奶容易涂抹，沒有氣味，不會吸引昆蟲，除非遇到大雨，否則不會分解。熱浪過后，只需用布和水輕輕一擦即可清除。
Greenhill是一名注冊工程師和環境保護主義者，專注于新建筑的全生命周期碳減排。最近，他推出了一個“熱浪工具包”，列出了一些低成本的DIY降溫方案。
他認為，雖然市場上有一些很好的產品和措施可以改造建筑，從而抵御高溫，但目前的策略對許多人來說實施起來較為困難。
He says the yoghurt is easy to apply, doesn't smell, doesn't attract insects, doesn't degrade unless there's heavy rain and can be washed off simply with a cloth and water once the heatwave is over.
Greenhill is a chartered engineer and environmentalist, specialised in whole-life carbon reduction in new builds, who recently launched a Heatwave Toolkit cataloguing low-cost DIY cooling solutions.
His view is that, while there are some great products and architectural interventions on the market that can retrofit buildings to ward off heat, most are currently inaccessible to many people.
“我曾在建筑項目中加入了綠屋頂、各種景觀元素、指定的外部遮陽、深窗臺和可移動的外部遮陽。”Greenhill說，“這些都非常有用，但大多數人沒有能力去做這些。”
他認為，酸奶是租房者、居住在保護區內不能對建筑進行改動的人，或那些買不起專門設計產品的人的一種替代解決方案。
Greenhill特別關注英國，因為這個國家擁有歐洲最為古老的建筑，但是這些建筑無法應對日益增長的高溫天氣。
“通過工作，我意識到，我們不僅需要這些臨時適應措施——因為期望所有住房都能適應高溫天氣并不現實，而且這些措施需要快速部署，所以盡量經濟且便捷。”他說。
“這些措施還需要非常有效，因為建筑的規模非常大，持續高強度熱浪阻塞醫院并造成嚴重問題的風險非常高。”
Greenhill在職業生涯早期于工程公司Max Fordham工作時聽到的一個軼事啟發了他使用酸奶涂層的想法。
在上世紀90年代倫敦Geffrye 博物館（現為家庭博物館）翻修期間，據報道，Fordham 建議在建筑的玻璃屋頂上倒酸奶，因為客戶抱怨夏季時玻璃屋頂會滯留熱量。
"I've put green roofs and all these landscaping elements in, specified external shading, deep window reveals, moving external shades," Greenhill told Dezeen. "These are all fantastically useful, but most people don't have the agency to do that."
He sees yoghurt as an alternative solution for renters, people who live in conservation areas that prohibit changes to their buildings or people who simply can't afford specially designed products.
Greenhill particularly has the UK in mind, as the country is regularly referred to as having the oldest housing stock in Europe – none of it built for the increasingly long and intense periods of heat brought on by climate change.
"What I've realised through my work is not only do we need these temporary adaptations – because it's not realistic to expect all of the housing to be able to adapt – but they need to be rapidly deployable, they need to be incredibly cheap and they need to be really light touch," he said.
"They also need to be really effective because the scale of the problem is massive and the risk of a really intense, long heatwave clogging up hospitals and causing real problems is really significant."
Greenhill got the idea for the yoghurt coating from an anecdote he'd heard early in his career when he was working at the engineering firm Max Fordham.
During the renovation of London's Geffrye Museum in the 1990s – now the Museum of the Home – Fordham reportedly suggested pouring yoghurt over the building's glass roof after the client complained about it trapping heat in summer.
雖然Greenhill不確定這個故事是否真實，但多年來他一直在思考這個想法，并考慮它是否可行。
最近，在為“熱浪工具包”制定計劃時，他決定進行調查，發現美國確實有用酸奶作為窗戶涂層的先例，人們用它來制作隱私屏障和窗戶藝術。
在這兩個例子中，畫家將酸奶涂在窗戶的內側，記錄顯示，酸奶干后能夠形成堅固的表面，這似乎是永久性的，除非被洗掉。
Greenhill說：“將任何涂層應用于窗戶外側對于降溫更有效，因為它能阻止太陽光線穿透熱包層并滯留在房屋內部。”
在自己家里試用時，這位工程師發現用刷子效果不佳，但用滾筒涂抹酸奶能形成薄薄的一層，質感讓人聯想到陶瓷釉料——“這是我在建筑項目中用來限制太陽能增益的產品”。
他測試了多種酸奶——包括乳制品和燕麥酸奶——發現它們的效果都差不多，每扇窗只需約一湯匙，低脂酸奶能產生更透明的效果。
Greenhill現在正試圖推廣他的酸奶涂層方法，希望借此向公眾傳遞應對熱浪的知識，同時爭取實驗室測試的資金，以明確這種技術的有效性。
“即使它的效果只有陶瓷釉料的一半，它對于熱能的阻擋也依然具有變革性的作用。”Greenhill說。
雖然Greenhill的酸奶方法看起來不像是傳統的設計解決方案，但一些專家認為，該行業正在越來越多地轉向適應和應對環境危機。
While Greenhill is unsure whether the anecdote is true, he continued to think about it over the years and consider whether it would work.
Recently, while thinking up plans for the Heatwave Toolkit, he decided to investigate and found that there is precedent for using yoghurt as a window coating in the US, with people having used it to create privacy screens and window art.
In both of these instances, the painters applied the yoghurt to the inside of the windows but documented the results dried to a robust finish that seemed to be permanent until washed off.
Applying any coating to the exterior of the window is more effective for cooling, Greenhill said, as it stops the sun's rays from breaching the thermal envelope and getting trapped inside the house.
For a test run on his own home, the engineer found that using a brush was unsuccessful but applying the yoghurt with a roller gave a thin coating with a texture reminiscent of ceramic frit – "a product I've specified on building projects to limit solar gains".
He tested a variety of yoghurts – including dairy and oat – and found they all worked much the same, with only about a tablespoon of product required per window and lower fat yoghurts giving a more translucent effect.
Greenhill is now trying to publicise his yoghurt trick, both in the hopes of informing the public about heatwave preparedness and also securing funding for laboratory testing that would put a clear figure on the technique's effectiveness.
"Even if it was half as effective as ceramic frit, it would be an absolute game changer in terms of keeping the heat out of homes," said Greenhill.
While Greenhill's yoghurt method may not look like a conventional design solution, some experts argue the profession is increasingly shifting towards adaptation and making do in response to environmental crises.
本文版權歸腿腿教學網及原創作者所有，未經授權，謝絕轉載。
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