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建筑賞析|用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界

發布于：2025-05-09 00:49:23

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用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第1張圖片

Waugh Thistleton建筑事務所設計的Murray Grove大廈是 2009 年最重要的建筑
Waugh Thistleton Architects' Murray Grove was the most significant building of 2009

由專筑網Yinglin，小R編譯

我們繼續我們的“21世紀建筑：25年25座建筑”系列，接下來我們來看Waugh Thistleton建筑事務所設計的Murray Grove大廈——“最初的木結構塔樓”。

在東倫敦哈克尼區一條不起眼的街道上，坐落著一座毫不起眼的小住宅樓。

但這是世界上第一座膠合板摩天大樓，它引發了一場木材革命。

We continue our 21st-Century Architecture: 25 Years 25 Buildings series with a look at Waugh Thistleton Architects' Murray Grove, "the original timber tower".
On an unassuming street in the east London borough of Hackney is a relatively small housing block that looks entirely unremarkable.
But this building – the world's first plyscraper – kickstarted a timber revolution.

用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第2張圖片

▲ Murray Grove大廈是2009年最重要的建筑
Murray Grove was the most significant building of 2009

作為建筑界的豐收年，2009 年見證了全球眾多地標性項目的落成，其中包括扎哈·哈迪德在羅馬設計的MAXXI博物館、大衛·奇普菲爾德在柏林設計的新博物館，以及由James Corner Field Operations和Diller Scofidio + Renfro在紐約設計的高線公園。

然而，低調的Murray Grove大廈卻在接下來的幾年里對建筑界產生了最大的影響。它被東倫敦的Waugh Thistleton建筑事務所稱為“最初的木結構塔樓”，是世界上第一個幾乎完全由工程木材建造的高層住宅項目。

“這個項目引領了交叉層壓木材在英國的引入，并開創了其在國際范圍內的使用?！盬augh Thistleton建筑事務所聯合創始人Andrew Waugh在我們的“木材革命”系列報道中說道。

“它似乎真的引發了一場完整的高層木結構建筑運動——在美國、亞洲和歐洲，Murray Grove項目的知名度要高得多?！?br />
A blockbuster year for architecture, 2009 saw numerous landmark projects opening around the globe. Highlights included Zaha Hadid's MAXXI in Rome, David Chipperfield's Neues Museum in Berlin and the first section of the High Line in New York by James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio + Renfro.
However, the much more low-key Murray Grove would have the greatest impact on architecture in the following years. Described by east London studio Waugh Thistleton Architects as "the original timber tower", it was the first high-rise housing project in the world to be constructed almost entirely from engineered timber.
"The exemplar project has spearheaded the introduction of CLT [cross-laminated timber] in the UK, and pioneered a wider international movement in its use," Waugh Thistleton Architects co-founder Andrew Waugh told Dezeen as part of our Timber Revolution series.
"It seems to have really kickstarted a whole tall-timber movement – in the US, Asia and Europe it's much more widely known about."

用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第3張圖片

▲ 這座建筑全是木結構
The building has an entirely timber structure

它建成的那個年代，大體量木材尚未得到廣泛使用，更不用說用于高層住宅了，這座九層高的建筑證明了木材可以作為一種安全可行的結構替代方案，取代鋼材和混凝土。

根據Waugh Thistleton建筑事務所的說法，使用木材代替鋼筋混凝土，阻止了 125 噸碳進入大氣層，同時，Murray Grove大廈的結構體本身儲存了超過 180 噸的碳。

Built at a time before mass-timber was widely used, let alone for high-rise housing, the nine-storey block demonstrated that wood could be a safe and viable structural alternative to steel and concrete.
According to Waugh Thistleton Architects, using timber instead of reinforced concrete prevented 125 tonnes of carbon from entering the atmosphere, while the structural fabric of Murray Grove stores more than 180 tonnes of carbon.

用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第4張圖片

▲ 它由CLT板建造
It was constructed from CLT panels

這座住宅樓包含 19 套私人公寓和 10 套補貼性公寓。其木結構本身就是一種實現可持續性目標的替代方式，無需依賴太陽能電池板等附加設備。

為了使該項目得以建設，哈克尼區議會免除了倫敦標準規劃中要求住宅開發項目必須配備現場可再生能源發電設施以減少碳排放的規定。

從一層開始，承重墻、樓板、電梯井道和樓梯均由 CLT 建造，這些都建在鋼筋混凝土制成的地基和地面層之上。

它使用了由多層云杉木制成的承重板建造，這些板材由木材供應商 KLH 在奧地利制造，通過卡車運到倫敦，然后在現場進行組裝。

這個預制結構由KLH的員工在27天內組裝完成，整個建筑在49周內竣工。根據木材研究與發展協會的一份報告，建造一座同等規模的混凝土建筑則需要72周。

Built for developer Telford Homes, the block contains 19 private and 10 subsidised apartments. The timber structure acted as an alternative way to meet sustainability targets without using add-ons like solar panels.
To enable it to be built, Hackney Council waived the standard London planning requirement for housing developments to have on-site renewable energy generation to reduce carbon emissions.
From the first floor upwards, load-bearing walls, floor slabs, lift cores and stairs were constructed from CLT on top of foundations and a ground floor made from reinforced concrete.
It was built using load-bearing panels made from layers of spruce, which were manufactured in Austria by timber supplier KLH and shipped to London on trucks before being assembled on site.
The prefabricated structure was assembled by KLH employees in 27 days, with the whole building completed in 49 weeks. According to a report by the Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA) a concrete building would have taken 72 weeks to build.

用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第5張圖片

▲ 木結構在公寓內部不可見
The timber structure was not visible in the apartment interiors

盡管木結構本身極具創新性，但無論在建筑內部還是外部，它大部分都被隱藏起來了，因為開發商擔心裸露的木材可能會讓購房者產生顧慮。

其像素化的外立面設計靈感來源于格哈德·里希特（Gerhard Richter）的畫作，由 2500 塊木漿和纖維水泥制成的面板構成。在內部，公寓按照開發商的標準規格進行了裝修。

這座塔樓被世界經濟論壇稱為“游戲規則改變者”，吸引了全球的目光，并向許多人證明了用木材建造高層建筑的可行性。

幾乎比建筑本身更重要的是圍繞它進行的研究。該建筑本身獲得了評委會特別獎，而一本關于其建造過程的書籍也贏得了英國皇家建筑師協會主席研究獎章。

Although the timber structure was highly innovative, it was largely hidden both internally and externally, with the developer concerned that timber might put off buyers.
The pixelated facade, which was informed by Gerhard Richter's painting Les gris entre ciel et mer du nord, was made from 2,500 panels made from wood pulp and fibre cement. Inside, the apartments were finished to a standard developer specification.
Described as a "game-changer" by the World Economic Forum, the tower drew global attention and proved to many that building tall with timber was possible.
Almost more significant than the building itself was the research that surrounded it. While the building won a Judges Special Award at the Wood Awards, a book published about the process won the RIBA President's Medal for Research.

用木頭“種”高樓？這棟15年前的倫敦建筑，至今仍在影響世界第6張圖片

▲ 這座建筑引發了高層木結構住宅的革命
The building started a revolution in high-rise timber housing

它促使多個國家重新考慮將木材作為結構材料，許多政府也因此修改了法規，允許使用木材建造更高層建筑。

“令人驚訝的是，在歐洲木材資源更豐富的地區，此類項目卻缺乏先例，這主要是由于法規的限制?！監liver Lowenstein當時在《建筑師雜志》上寫道。

“目前來看，具有諷刺意味的是，英國這樣一個幾乎沒有自己的工程木材產業的國家，卻建造了整個歐洲大陸最高的交叉層壓木材高層建筑?！?br />
在英國，Murray Grove大廈被國家房屋建筑委員會和建筑研究所視為試點項目。

It prompted multiple countries to reconsider timber as a structural material, with many governments changing regulations to allow it to be used.
"What's surprising is the lack of precedents to this project in the woodier parts of Europe, principally for regulatory reasons," Oliver Lowenstein wrote in the Architect's Journal at the time.
"For the moment, the irony remains that the UK, a country with hardly an engineered wood sector to its name, is producing the tallest cross-laminated timber high-rise across the continent."
In the UK, Murray Grove was treated as a pilot scheme by the National House Building Council and Building Research Establishment.

插圖由Jack Bedford繪制，攝影由Will Pryce完成。

The illustration is by Jack Bedford and photography is by Will Pryce.

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