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設計單位? 優意建筑設計（上海）有限公司
項目地點? 上海市
建成時間? 2022年
建筑面積? 300平方米
本文文字由設計單位提供。
四海為家的人
A Home for Global Nomads
二十一世紀的前二十年是一個全球化和崇尚流動性的時代，四海為家是時代對個人自由的最高贊譽。對于一位世界旅行者來說，住在什么地方都需要隨遇而安。因此，當我們要為旅途中的短暫停留設計一個“棲息地”時，需要強調基地的特征，并且對“棲息地”的概念做一個定義。
The first two decades of the 21st century have been marked by globalization and a celebration of mobility.Being at home anywhere in the world is seen as the ultimate expression of personal freedom in this era.For a world traveler, adaptability is key when choosing a place to stay.Thus, when designing a temporary "haven" for a brief stopover, it’s essential to highlight the characteristics of the location and redefine the concept of "haven."
俯瞰農田的“閣樓”
A "Loft" Overlooking the Fields
項目的業主是一對父女，他們需要在上海設置一個“棲息地”，以便每年一個月不定期的短暫停留，并且偶爾還需招待朋友。
The project’s clients, a father and daughter, needed a "haven" in Shanghai for their irregular, month-long stays throughout the year, with the occasional need to entertain friends.
基地位于上海郊區，一棟四層建筑的頂層。建筑的西面是一片永久農業用地，這是基地最有吸引力的特征。得益于耕地紅線政策，這塊土地會保留農業種植功能。“農田比公園更美，因為它不考慮美學。”田野的空曠正是現代城市中稀缺的特征，業主希望在這個房子里，可以一直欣賞到農田四季變化的色彩。基地的其他方向朝向園區內部，并無明確的特征。
The site is located in the suburbs of Shanghai, on the top floor of a four-story building.To the west of the building lies a stretch of permanent agricultural land, which is the most attractive feature of the site. Thanks to the protection of the farmland preservation policy, this land will retain its agricultural function. The openness of the fields, scarce in modern urban environments, provides a unique contrast to city living.The owners wish to enjoy the changing colors of the farmland throughout the seasons from their home."Farmland is more beautiful than a park because it doesn’t concern itself with aesthetics."The other sides of the site face inward toward an industrial park and lack distinctive features.
臨時的棲息地
A Temporary Haven
業主對“棲息地”的定義如下：
- 一個暫時停留的落腳點，每年不定期使用一個月；
- 滿足日常生活的一切需求，例如臥室、廚房和儲藏等；
- 去除生活的痕跡；
- 可容納眾多收藏品的空間；
- 既能滿足獨處，又能滿足多至30人的聚會；
- 絕對隱私（即使在女兒舉辦30人聚會時，父親需要保持獨處的可能性）；
最后以及最重要的一點：
-? surprise me：空間的戲劇性和不可預知
The client defines the concept of "haven" as follows:
- A temporary stopover point, used irregularly for one month each year;
- Equipped to meet all daily living needs, such as a bedroom, kitchen, and storage;
- Free from traces of daily life;
- A space that accommodates numerous collections;
- Suitable for both solitude and gatherings of up to 30 people;
- Absolute privacy (even when the daughter hosts a 30-person gathering, the father must still have the option to remain in solitude).
Lastly, and most importantly:
Surprise me: The space should evoke drama and unpredictability.
基本矛盾
Fundamental Contradictions
一個無論在獨處時或者舉行30人聚會時都可以保持私密性的空間；
一個實用卻沒有生活痕跡的住所。
A space that maintains privacy whether used for solitude or for a gathering of 30 people.
A functional residence that leaves no traces of daily life.
這些要求展示了項目的基本矛盾：一是設計需滿足日常居住的需求，但去除日常生活痕跡。維持空間空曠是反人性的，現代人收集一切物品，藏品與日俱增，空間日益緊張。最開始的輕盈狀態能否抵抗必然增長的收集（儲藏）需求？二是30人聚會和絕對隱私如何共存，并且彼此不會意識到對方的存在？
These requirements highlight the project’s fundamental contradictions:The need to fulfill daily living requirements while erasing any signs of daily life. Keeping the space free of clutter defies human nature, as modern individuals tend to accumulate objects. As collections grow and space becomes more limited, can the initial light and airy state of the space resist the inevitable increase in storage demands?How can a 30-person gathering coexist with absolute privacy, ensuring that neither party is aware of the other's presence?
實與空
Substance and Emptiness
“埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。”
"Shape clay into a vessel, it is the void within that gives the vessel its utility. Carve doors and windows to make a room, it is the empty space within that makes the room useful."
我們構造這樣一種模式——空間由兩個部分組成：一個始終保持空曠的部分+一個允許被逐漸填充的部分；一個極為公共的部分+一個極為私密的部分，允許開放的公共部分沒有固定的功能，私密部分容納所有功能。
We constructed a model based on this principle——The space is divided into two parts：One part remains perpetually empty + another part allows for gradual filling,One part is highly public + another part is extremely private;The open, public part has no fixed function;The private part contains all essential functions.
在這個模式里，空曠的空間被服務空間所包圍，服務空間容納生活所需要的所有功能，包括不斷增長的儲藏。在最終狀態，服務部分將會被藏品完全占滿，形成類似于實體的固態空間，類似中世紀城堡的圖底關系：擁有堅固的厚墻和難以發現的秘密通道。與此同時，公共部分則是從一大片實體中“挖出”的空腔。這一部分保持家徒四壁的狀態，也許有少量必需的家具，但不需要承擔建筑的任何功能。因此作為一個空地，它可以隨時轉化為任何功能空間，其核心特征是刻意保持的空曠狀態。
In this model, the empty space is surrounded by service spaces, where all functional areas required for daily living, including ever-increasing storage, are housed. In its final state, the service areas will be completely filled with collections, forming a solid, dense space similar to the figure-ground relationship of a medieval castle, with thick, impenetrable walls and hidden passageways.Meanwhile, the public space is a void carved out of this mass. This part remains bare, perhaps containing only a minimal amount of essential furniture. Since it is not required to serve any specific function in the architecture, it remains an open area that can be transformed into any functional space as needed. Its key feature is the deliberate maintenance of an empty state.
“空”的空間：顯性的空間序列
The "Empty" Space: An Explicit Spatial Sequence
這一透明序列專為客人設計，引導他們經過一系列精心策劃的空間，從而增強在空間中游走的戲劇性體驗。
This transparent sequence is designed specifically for the guests.Guests arriving at this public space will pass through a meticulously designed sequence, enhancing the dramatic experience of moving through the space.
從電梯抵達入口門廳，門廳是一個邊長2.2米的黑色金屬立方體盒子，其中一面是透明的玻璃，可以透過入戶花園看到外部明亮的景色。門廳的金屬門開向一個狹窄、高聳、黑色的走廊。走廊的寬度只能容一人通過，唯一的采光來自側面狹長的橫窗。橫窗與人的視線等高，人們可以通過狹小的窗洞觀賞室外被截取的片段，這些片段被窗洞周邊的鏡面不銹鋼反復反射，將外部普通的景象轉化為萬花筒的圖案。凸向室內的窗套表面也用鏡面不銹鋼覆蓋，將外部的光線投射到走廊的黑色墻面上，隨著陽光角度的不斷變化，在黑色空間中形成靈動的光斑。
From the elevator, guests first reach the entrance hall, a black metallic cube with a 2.2-meter edge. One side of this cube is transparent glass, allowing them to view the bright outdoor scenery through the entrance garden.The metal door of the hall opens into a narrow, towering black corridor. The corridor is just wide enough for a single person to pass through, with lighting provided solely by a narrow horizontal window along one side, aligned at eye level. Through this narrow window, guests can glimpse fragmented views of the outdoors. These views are repeatedly reflected by mirrored stainless steel surrounding the window, transforming the ordinary exterior landscape into a kaleidoscopic pattern. The window casing, which protrudes inward, is also clad in mirrored stainless steel, reflecting light into the black walls of the corridor. As the sunlight shifts throughout the day, dynamic patches of light dance naturally within the dark space.
走廊盡頭巨大厚實的金屬門悄無聲息地向內旋轉打開，訪客從最暗的空間直接進入巨大明亮的變形立方體空間。在這個主空間中，面向外部田野的墻面整體被完全打開，室內和室外之間隔著3塊大片的橫向玻璃，形成一扇7米寬、6.6米高的巨大梯形窗扇。
At the end of the corridor, a thick, heavy metal door silently swings inward, allowing guests to step from the darkest part of the journey directly into a bright, expansive, deformed cube-shaped space. In this main space, the wall facing the fields is completely open, with only three large horizontal glass panes separating the interior from the exterior. This forms a giant trapezoidal window, 7 meters wide and 6.6 meters high.
在這個空間中，一處墻壁是玻璃的，其余的墻壁和地面則是有著微妙差別的黑色。這樣的設計讓外部和內部之間的相遇得到了強調，黑暗的內部使大自然仿佛猛然躍入建筑內部。窗外的田野在每天、每個季節的輪替中，猶如一幅四季變化的畫作，成為內部所有行為展開的背景。
Inside this space, one wall is entirely glass, while the remaining walls and floor are various subtle shades of black, emphasizing the meeting of the exterior and interior. The darkness inside makes it feel as if nature is suddenly leaping into the architecture. The fields outside, with their daily and seasonal changes, resemble a painting of the four seasons, forming the backdrop for all activities within.
“實”的空間：隱藏的空間序列
The "Solid" Space: A Hidden Spatial Sequence
為主人設計的隱藏空間序列隱藏在“實”的體量之中。“實”的部分中包含眾多必要的功能空間，其中兩處隱秘的樓梯和三處捷徑能夠使主人的路徑成為網狀，空間也因此增添了復雜性和使用的可能性。
A hidden spatial sequence, designed for the owner, is embedded within the "solid" mass of the building. The solid portion houses numerous functional and storage spaces, concealing two secret staircases and three shortcuts, creating a networked path for the owner. This adds a significant layer of complexity and versatility to the space.
樓上空間包含兩個較小的閣樓臥室。兩個臥室擁有各自的衛生間，因此在功能上既可以合并，也可以獨立使用。為了確保最高的隱私，每個閣樓擁有專用的樓梯：其中一部樓梯位于一處儲藏間的內側，另一部位于隱蔽的后勤走廊盡端。這樣，即使聚會的客人進入后勤的區域，沒有主人指引也很難發現通往樓上的通道。
The upper level contains two smaller loft bedrooms, each with its own bathroom, allowing for either combined or independent use. To ensure ultimate privacy, each loft has its own dedicated staircase. One staircase is tucked away inside a storage room, while the other is located at the end of a concealed service corridor. This layout makes it difficult for guests to discover the stairways to the upper floor without guidance from the owner, even if they venture into the service areas during a gathering.
由于空間要素的尺度、位置的多樣性，建筑的公共部分和私密部分形成了復雜的空間邊界；由于對建筑復雜度認知的差異，主人可以輕易跨越邊界，客人則難以發現隱秘的通道。這座建筑是主人的城堡，客人的迷宮。
The scale and diversity of spatial elements create a complex boundary between the public and private sections of the building.Due to differing levels of familiarity with the space’s complexity, the owner can easily cross these boundaries, while guests find it challenging to detect the hidden passageways.This building serves as a castle for the owner and a labyrinth for the guests.
免維護的美學
Maintenance-Free Aesthetics
作為一個一年中短暫停留的“棲息地”，它應該易于維護，并處于隨時可用的狀態。一旦需要業主花費巨大的時間和精力去維持，擁有就會變成一種負擔，然后再也無法以放松的心態去使用了。
As a "haven" for brief stays throughout the year, it should be easy to maintain and ready for use at any time. If significant time and effort are required for upkeep, ownership could become burdensome, making it difficult to enjoy the space with a relaxed mindset.
造價的可控和日常維護的便利是設計中的重要部分，包含以下措施：選用的材料需要堅固、耐久、易于維護；出于可持續的目的，并且補償旅行中產生的碳排放，盡量選用耐久且可回收的材料制造家具，例如：不銹鋼櫥柜家具、鋼材的柜體及燈具、玻璃隔斷；細節必須恰當且簡明；控制住控制一切的欲望，允許局部的不完美。
Controlling construction costs and ensuring ease of daily maintenance are key aspects of the design, which includes the following measures:Materials must be durable, long-lasting, and easy to maintain;For sustainability, and to offset the carbon emissions from travel, durable and recyclable materials are used for the furniture, such as stainless steel cabinetry, steel fixtures, and glass partitions;The details must be appropriate and straightforward;The desire to control everything must be restrained, allowing for minor imperfections.
我們需要明確“精致”和“精確”之間的區別：精致存在于單一要素中，精確存在于不同要素的相互關系中；精致不是必需品，而精確是現代設計的基石。當空間、材料和細節是合乎邏輯以及恰當時，建筑的品質就從中自然顯現了。
We must differentiate between "exquisite" and "precise."Exquisite refers to the quality of an individual element, while precision exists in the relationships between different elements.Exquisiteness is not a necessity, but precision is the foundation of modern design.When the space, materials, and details are logical and appropriate, the quality of the architecture naturally emerges.
設計圖紙? ▽
完整項目信息
項目名稱：臨時棲息地
項目類型：室內設計
項目地點：上海市
建成狀態：建成
設計時間：2017年
建設時間：2022年
建筑面積：300平方米
設計單位：優意建筑設計（上海）有限公司
設計單位聯系：UNITARCHITECT@126.com
主創建筑師：王云峰
設計團隊完整名單：陳涵、耿雯軼、顏小劍
業主：私人業主
攝影師：是然建筑攝影 / schranimage
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